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Oil, water and sand flow measurements in a model horizontal well. R.G. Gillies, M.J. McKibben and C.A. Shook. J. Can. Petrol. Technol., November 1995, 34(9), 56--63.

A laboratory test rig incorporating a section of pipe with longitudinal well slots is described and illustrated. This is used to simulate flow conditions in horizontal wells. Experiments are described using 0.22 mm diameter oilfield sand together with produced water or oils having viscosities of 66 and 8000 m. Pas. Turbulent flow simulations, single phase flows, sand transportation, and effects of water injection into oil are described. Results show that there is a threshold velocity for sand transportation to occur but sand deposits are present at velocities well above this threshold. Conditions of laminar and turbulent flow are compared. Effects of radial influx on flows with and without sand are described. 11 refs.

Abstract details

Journal title: Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Subjects: Physics, Water and Sanitary Engineering, Resource use and management, Pipeline, Transportation of products, Oil and gas extraction, Transportation, Transmission and Distribution, Oil and gas, Oil, Petroleum products, Primary energy production, Horizontal wells, Produced water, Water flooding