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Micromachines---the big future. A. Eggert. Lubric. Engng., April 1999, 55(4), 19--21.

The Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) is described. It uses modern technology to create tiny machines that are nearly invisible. Mechanisms with microcircuits, sensors, and actuators are contained on one computer chip. They are prepared by a surface micromachining technique involving film deposition, patterning, etching, and then deposition of more films. The standard elements are composed of fine-grain polycrystalline materials. An alternative method of preparation is the LIGA process details of which are described. Some micromachines require lubrication and others do not. Industrial applications for MEMS are discussed. Considerable benefits are predicted in space travel, satellite communications, aircraft, telescopes, telephone lines, and microsurgery. Demands will far exceed the development costs incurred.
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