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Spent catalyst options. Part 1. Regeneration industry helps refiners control costs, limit liabilities. T. Chang. OGJ, 12 October 1998, 96(41), 49--54.

Regulations deterring catalysts from entering landfills have redirected spent-catalyst traffic from disposal options to regenerating and reclamation plant. Consideration is given to waste designation, ex situ regeneration and its history, the regeneration market, and various technologies. Attention is drawn to the economic aspects of regeneration. 5 refs.
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