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Understand mechanical seals. A.G. Godse. Hydrocarbon Processing, April 1995, 74(4), 103--112.

Guidelines are given to improve the selection and reliability of seal materials. Safety aspects, physical characteristics, and operating features are reviewed. Vapour pressure curves for standard hydrocarbons are shown. Forces acting on seal faces, the concept of balance ratio, and the importance of PV curves are discussed. Seals are classified into six different groups. Heat balance and the importance of a flushing medium is described. Construction materials for primary and secondary sealing elements are reviewed and materials for gland plates, bellows, collars and springs are also discussed. Effects of surface finish, squareness/end play/concentricity/runout, and condition monitoring are described. Terms used in seal technology are explained. 2 refs.

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