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Use belowground storage tanks to manage stormwater. J. Nedrow. Hydrocarbon Processing, January 1996, 75(1), 101--103.

Management of stormwater discharges from the 130 000 brl/day BP refinery in Toledo, Ohio is discussed. Construction of two concrete 10 million gal. belowground storage tanks is described and illustrated. These meet environmental, safety, and operational criteria and they are a cost-effective alternative to impoundment ponds. Alternative design concepts are reviewed and construction of the preferred underground tanks is described. The required concrete compressive strength is obtained using a very low water-to-cement ratio of 0.37 and more than 1800 tons of reinforcing steel. Construction of the 52 ft high tank walls is described. The completed project meets all the requirements specified by environmental legislation.
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